数字图书馆是什么？什么是数字图书馆

什么是数字图书馆

数字图书馆就是一个虚拟的图书馆，可以通过电脑手机网络去访问的虚拟图书馆，它内容丰富，几乎与现实中的图书馆一样，也有很多图文并茂的书籍，可以检索查阅自己想要看的书籍，只是说它是虚拟的，超越了时间和空间的限制。

什么是数字图书馆？

老大 我给你回答吧；笼统的“数字图书馆”包括两种：数字图书馆和数字化图书馆；前者是指提供电子图书的管理和服务系统平台，后者主要是把图书馆中的纸质图书扫描，OCR或者录入校正的作业平台；二者都含有图书馆的基本业务流程，例如编目；一般来讲数字化图书馆图书的分类是采用中图法，而数字图书馆的分类在采用中图法的同时会兼顾其他分类法；在形式上数字图书馆对采用图书服务网站的方式对外服务；而数字化图书馆是为图书馆服务，一般是一个由纸质到电子档的服务过程；英文资料："The new digital libraries will have features not possible in traditional libraries, thereby extending the concept of library far beyond physical boundaries. They will provide innovative resources and services. One example is the ability to interact with information: rather than presenting a reader with a table of numbers, digital libraries allow users to choose from a variety of ways to view and work with the numbers, including graphical representations that they can explore. With the extensive use of hypertext links to interconnect information, digital libraries enable users to find related digital materials on a particular topic." (2001 PITAC Report, "Digital Libraries: Universal Access to Human Knowledge", p. 3) "Digital libraries are organizations that provide the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use a by a defined community or set of communities." (Digital Library Federation) "Digital libraries are complex data/information/knowlege (hereafter information) systems that help: satisfy the information needs of users (societies), provide information services (scenarios), organize information in usable ways (structures), manage the location of information (spaces), and communicate information with users and their agents (streams)." (Edward A. Fox, July 1999, according to 5S Framework) "Digital library work occurs in the context of a complex design space shaped by four dimensions: community, technology, services and content" (Gary Marchionini and Edward A. Fox, "Progress toward digital libraries: augmentation through integration", pp. 219-225, guest editors' introduction to "Progress Toward Digital Libraries", eds. Gary Marchionini and Edward A. Fox, Special Issue, Information Processing & Management, 35(3), May 1999.) "The field of digital libraries deals with augmenting human civilization through the application of digital technology to the information problems addressed by institutions such as libraries, archives, museums, schools, publishers and other information agencies. Work on digital libraries focuses on integrating services and better serving human needs, through holistic treatment irrespective of interface, location, time, language and system. Although substantial collections may be created solely for the use of individuals, we consider sharable resources one of the defining characteristics of libraries. Libraries connect people and information; digital libraries amplify and augment these connections." (Gary Marchionini and Edward A. Fox, "Progress toward digital libraries: augmentation through integration", Information Processing & Management, 35(3):219-225, May 1999.) For a thoughtful discussion of definitions, approaches, and community perspectives on "digital libraries" see "What are digital libraries? Competing visions" by Christine L. Borgman, pp. 227-244, in "Progress Toward Digital Libraries", eds. Gary Marchionini and Edward A. Fox, Special Issue, Information Processing & Management, 35(3), May 1999. "The Digital Library is:The collection of services And the collection of information objects That support users in dealing with information objects And the organization and presentation of those objects Available directly or indirectly Via electronic/digital means."(The Scope of the Digital Library, Draft Prepared by Barry M. Leiner for the DLib Working Group on Digital Library Metrics, 1998) "Digital library is a concept that has different meanings in different communities. To the engineering and computer science community, digital library is a metaphor for the new kinds of distributed data base services that manage unstructured multimedia data. To the political and business communities, the term represents a new marketplace for the world's information resources and services. To futurist communities, digital libraries represent the manifestation of Wells' World Brain. The perspective taken here is rooted in an information science tradition." (Research and Development in Digital Libraries by Gary Marchionini, 1998) "an organized data base of digital information objects in varying formats maintained to provide unmediated ease of access to a user community, with these further characteristics: - an overall access tool (e.g. a catalog) provides search and retrieval capability over the entire data base; - organized technical procedures exist through which the library management adds objects to the data base and removes them according to a coherent and accessible collections policy." (Peter Graham, Rutgers University Libraries, 1997) "Digital libraries are a set of electronic resources and associated technical capabilities for creating, searching, and using information. In this sense they are an extension and enhancement of information storage and retrieval systems that manipulate digital data in any medium (text, images, sounds; static or dynamic images) and exist in distributed networks. The content of digital libraries includes data, metadata that describe various aspects of the data (e.g., representation, creator, owner, reproduction rights), and metadata that consist of links or relationships to other data or metadata, whether internal or external to the digital library. (1996 UCLA-NSF Social Aspects of Digital Libraries Workshop) Digital libraries are constructed -- collected and organized -- by a community of users, and their functional capabilities support the information needs and uses of that community. They are a component of communities in which individuals and groups interact with each other, using data, information, and knowledge resources and systems.In this sense they are an extension, enhancement, and integration of a variety of information institutions as physical places where resources are selected, collected, organized, preserved, and accessed in support of a user community. These information institutions include, among others, libraries, museums, archives, and schools, but digital libraries also extend and serve other community settings, including classrooms, offices, laboratories, homes, and public spaces." (1996 UCLA-NSF Social Aspects of Digital Libraries Workshop) "Systems providing a community of users with coherent access to a large, organized repository of information and knowledge." (Clifford Lynch, 1995) "systems providing a community of users with coherent access to a large, organized repository of information and knowledge. This organization of information is characterized by the absence of prior detailed knowledge of the uses of the information. The ability of the user to access, reorganize, and utilize this repository is enriched by the capabilities of digital technology" (adapted from Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda, report of the 1995 IITA DL Workshop) "A library that has been extended and enhanced by the application of digital technology. Important aspects of the digital library that may be extended and enhanced include : - Collections of the library - Organization and management of the collections - Access of the library items and the processing of the information contained in the items - Communication of information about the items " (Terry Smith, UCSB, 1995) "The generic name for federated structures that provide humans both intellectual and physical access to the huge and growing worldwide networks of information encoded in multimedia digital formats." (The University of Michigan Digital Library: This Is Not Your Father's Library, Bill Birmingham, 1994) "A digital library is a distributed technology environment which dramatically reduces barriers to the creation, dissemination, manipulation, storage, integration, and reuse of information by individuals and groups." (Edward A. Fox, editor, Source Book on Digital Libraries, 1993, pg. 65) "A digital library is a machine readable representation of materials which might be found in a university library together with organizing information intended to help users find specific information. A digital library service is an assemblage of digital computing, storage, and communicate machinery together with the software needed to reprise, emulate, and extend the services provided by conventional libraries based on paper and other material means of collecting, storing, cataloging, finding, and disseminating information." (Edward A. Fox, editor, Source Book on Digital Libraries, 1993, pg. 65)

数字图书馆的主要内容

数字图书馆是一门全新的科学技术，也是一项全新的社会事业。简言之，数字图书馆是一种拥有多种媒体内容的数字化信息资源，能够为用户提供方便、快捷、高水平的信息化服务机制。

它借鉴图书馆的资源组织模式、借助计算机网络通讯等高新技术，以普遍存取人类知识为目标，创造性地运用知识分类和精准检索手段，有效地进行信息整序，使人们获取信息消费不受空间限制，很大程度上也不受时间限制。“数字图书馆”从概念上讲可以理解为两个范畴：数字化图书馆和数字图书馆系统，涉及到两个工作内容：一是将纸质图书转化为电子版的数字图书；二是电子版图书的存储，交换，流通。国际上有许多组织为此做出了贡献，国内也有不少单位积极参与到数字图书馆的建设中来。

你怎么理解“数字图书馆”？

现在的图书馆已经有了许多变化。新型信息文献载体已悄然进入图书馆，从早期的录音带、录像带、缩微胶片到当前流行的电子图书、电子期刊，全文数据库、激光唱盘、激光视盘、教学软件、电子游戏软件等等，人们获取信息的途径已不限于印刷类型的图书文献。

读者不但能够从多种途径检索馆藏图书，而且还能够检索到其他图书馆的馆藏图书。国际互联网的建立和完善，让“数字图书馆”的成功离现实也不远了。这样使全球范围内人类共享资源的这一梦想成为现实。“数字图书馆”是美国国会图书馆于1994年10月首先提出来的。

“数字图书馆”就是将所有图像、声音、文字等资料经过计算机处理转变成数字化的形式进行展示，并通过网络技术进行存储和传播。未来的图书馆将不存在印刷文献，图书馆现有的馆藏资料也可以转化为数字形式，例如可以通过扫描技术将文字资料转换为计算机文本，对那些需要保持原貌的文献，可用数字化图像技术转换和存储，未来图书馆文献的主体将是光盘文献、网络文献，与印刷文献相比，它们只占据很小的空间，甚至不占据空间。如果数字化图书馆得到实现，数十本甚至上百本图书可以存放在一张光盘上，图书馆所需的书库面积将非常小，书架、书柜、目录柜将被计算机所取代。

现在各图书馆将某些珍贵的美术图书、艺术图书小心保存起来，读者很难接触到它们，一些孤本一旦丢失或人为损坏，这样损失是难以弥补的。而经过数字化处理后，那些逼真的艺术作品电子复制品可以在计算机上反复调阅，原件不会被损坏，也不必担心被盗的问题。现在图书馆的某些图书如果被读者借走，则其他读者在一段时间内就不能利用它。

经过数字化处理后，一种图书可以同时被几位读者同时调阅。数字化的图书大多数是以多媒体技术制成的，图、文、声并茂，有的还具有交互功能，读者不是被动地接受信息，而是可以与多媒体图书进行对话，甚至可以参与到图书的创作中去，那时的图书馆将更像博物馆。现在读者的活动范围往往局限在一个或少数几个图书馆中，未来则可以利用全球图书馆的上网信息和文献。

读者可以访问网上所有开放的图书馆，他们将就所学习的某个专题收集到尽可能多的资料。未来的网络图书馆将给人们的生活带来更多的方便。